聯(lián)合國告訴您：出行日本的文化禮儀

　　聯(lián)合國是當(dāng)今世界最大、最重要、最具代表性和權(quán)威性的國際組織，在促進(jìn)世界各國經(jīng)濟(jì)、科學(xué)、文化的合作與交流方面，發(fā)揮著積極作用。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國“進(jìn)行國際合作，解決國際間經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化問題”的宗旨，其相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)會不定期發(fā)布前往特殊國家的文化注意事項(xiàng)(cultural tips)，方便致力于國際間經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、文化交流的人員入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，充分尊重目的地人民的習(xí)俗和感情。

　　對于出行日本的公務(wù)和民間人員，聯(lián)合國列出了最應(yīng)注意的14條文化事項(xiàng)。

　　一般性文化注意事項(xiàng)（general cultural tips）

　　1. when entering a japanese home, it is customary to remove shoes and position them facing the door. follow your host's example.(進(jìn)入日本人家中時(shí)，習(xí)慣性的做法是把鞋子脫掉，并將鞋尖向外、對著門口。具體可參考屋主的做法。)

　　2.most japanese people avoid direct eye contact during conversations.(大部分日本人在溝通時(shí)都會避免雙方目光的直接交流。)

　　3.if using chopsticks, avoid using them to point at someone and do not leave them sticking up in a bowl of rice.(使用筷子時(shí)，不要用筷子指人，也不要將它們插在飯里。)

　　4.only ask people about their spouse or children if you are sure your conversational partner is married/has children. asking unmarried people about a spouse or childless people about children may embarrass a japanese person.(只有在確定對方確實(shí)已婚或育子后，才能談及其配偶或孩子;對未婚或尚未生子的日本人來說，貿(mào)然談及此類話題，會造成尷尬。)

　　5.it is customary to bring chocolate, cookies or cakes when invited to a japanese home.purchasing them in a department store where they will be wrapped is recommended.(被邀請至日本人家做客時(shí)，禮貌上應(yīng)該帶上巧克力、小餅干或糕點(diǎn)等禮物，最好是在百貨公司購買并妥善包裝。)

　　6.the japanese do not usually open gifts when they are presented.(日本人在收到禮物時(shí)，一般不會當(dāng)面拆開。)

　　商務(wù)文化注意事項(xiàng)（business cultural tips）

　　1.the japanese are accustomed to shaking hands upon greeting, though bowing is traditional and sometimes used as well. if your are bowed to, return the gesture by bowing either to the same depth or lower - the depth of your bow is indicative of the status relationship between you and your counterpart.(日本人已習(xí)慣用握手的方式表示問候，但鞠躬仍作為傳統(tǒng)禮節(jié)使用。如果有人向你鞠躬問候，你必須用同樣的姿勢回鞠，深度應(yīng)與對方相當(dāng)或稍微深一些，因?yàn)榫瞎纳顪\代表著你和對方身份地位的差別。)

　　2.consider using the honorific suffix san when addressing people when introduced: mr. or ms. yamada can be addressed as yamada-san.(在相互介紹時(shí)，一定要使用敬語后綴“san”。如，yamada先生或小姐，應(yīng)該敬稱為“yamada-san”。)

　　3.business cards are usually exchanged upon introductions. it is advisable to have yours printed in both english and japanese. use both hands to both present and receive cards. read the card carefully before putting it away.(初次見面通常需要互換名片，最好將名片上的信息用英文和日文同時(shí)表達(dá)。在交換名片時(shí)，須雙手傳遞，仔細(xì)閱讀名片信息后，再將其放下。)

　　4.make business appointments in advance and be punctual.(商務(wù)會面要提前預(yù)約并準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。)

　　5.entertainment is an important part of business arrangements and usually takes place after business hours at a bar or restaurant. although business may be discussed, these outings are primarily occasions for building friendships.(娛樂也是商務(wù)交往的重要組成部分，通常在休息時(shí)間安排去酒吧或飯館。雖然也會涉及商務(wù)內(nèi)容，但這種場合應(yīng)以建立雙方的友誼為主。)

　　6.business dress is formal and conservative. men should wear a suit and women should wear either a dress or a suit.(商務(wù)著裝最好正式而保守。男士穿西服，女士著套裙或套裝。)

　　7.business gifts are very important in japan. the gifts should always be wrapped and are often presented at first business meetings.(商務(wù)禮品在日本非常重要，通常包裝精美，并于第一次會面時(shí)呈上。)

　　8.be aware that the japanese try not to disagree openly. they may avoid saying "no" by giving an unenthusiastic "yes".(要知道，日本人是最不愿意公開表達(dá)不同意見的，他們通常使用冷淡的一個(gè)“是”來表示“不”。)